Class 9, Science, Chapter-12, Lecture-2, Crop Management (Notes)
Stages of Farming Practices for Improving Crop Yield:
- Crop Variety Improvement and Management - Seed selection
- Crop Production Improvement and Management - Nurturing of the crop plant
- Crop protection Improvement and Management - Protection of crops and harvest
Characteristics of Seeds Considered for Crop Variety Management:
- Higher yield.
- Improved quality.
- Greater resistance to biotic and abiotic factors.
- Change in maturity duration.
- Desirable Agronomic traits.
- Wider adaptability.
Methods of Crop Variety Improvements:
- Hybridization:
The method of obtaining new variety of crop by crossing two genetically dissimilar plants is termed as hybridisation.
(i) Intervarietal
(ii) Interspecific
(iii) Intergeneric - Genetic Modification
Crop Production Practices (on the basis of Cost):
- No cost production practices.
- Low-cost production practices.
- High-cost production practices.
Nutrients Required by Crops:
Nutrients | Source | |
---|---|---|
Carbon, Oxygen | Air | |
Hydrogen, Oxygen | Water | |
Macronutrients | Micronutrients | Soil |
Nitrogen | Iron | |
Phosphorus | Manganese | |
Potassium | Boron | |
Calcium | Zinc | |
Magnesium | Copper | |
Sulphur | Chlorine |
MACRONUTRIENTS:
The essential elements required by plants in quantities more than 1 milligram per gram of dry matter are called macronutrients.
Examples: Non-mineral macronutrients- Carbon, Oxygen, Hydrogen
Mineral macronutrients- Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Potassium, Calcium, Magnesium, Sulphur.
MICRONUTRIENTS:
The essential elements required by plants in quantities less than 1 milligram per gram of dry matter are called micronutrients.
Examples: Iron, Manganese, Boron, Zinc, Copper, Molybdenum, Chlorine.
DIFFERENCES BETWEEN:
Macronutrients | Micronutrients |
---|---|
1. These are required in large quantities | 1. These are required in very small quantities. |
2. Concentration of each macronutrient in plants is more than 1mg per gram of dry matter. | 2. Concentration of each micronutrient is quite less than 1 mg per gram of dry matter. |
3. Macronutrients have no significant role in enzyme activity and electron transport. | 3. They are involved in enzyme activity and electron transport. |
4. They take part in synthesis of plant body and different protoplasmic structures. | 4. They do not take part in synthesis of plant body and different protoplasmic structures. |